OHIP Billing Guide🩺 ServicePublished 2026
C865

C865 OHIP Billing Code: Streamline Your Nephrology In-Patient Consultations

The C865 Limited Consultation code allows nephrologists in Ontario to efficiently bill for specific in-patient consultations. Ensure compliance with frequency and setting guidelines.

For Ontario Physicians & Billing StaffOHIP Schedule of Benefits Reference116.75 CAD~3 min read

1What Is the C865 OHIP Code?

What is the C865 Limited Consultation Code?

The C865 code is used by nephrologists for limited consultations on non-emergency hospital in-patients in Ontario. It applies when a concise opinion is required, such as assessing electrolyte or fluid-balance issues, without necessitating a full renal assessment.

This code reflects a consultation that is less demanding in terms of time compared to comprehensive consultations, such as A160 or A165. Often, it is utilized in cases where the primary ward team seeks specific input from a nephrologist to manage particular concerns efficiently.

2Related Codes

CodeNameFrequencyDescription
A160Comprehensive nephrology consultationSubject to consultation limits.Used for more extensive nephrology assessments than the limited consultation.
A165ConsultationSubject to consultation limits.A standard consultation option for nephrology, more comprehensive than a limited consultation.
A166Repeat consultationSubject to repeat limits.Used for follow-up consultations when complexity warrants.
A865Limited consultationFor out-patient settings.Same service as C865, but for out-patient settings.

3Eligibility Requirements

Eligibility Criteria for C865 Billing

  • Setting: Non-emergency in-patient hospital services.
  • Referral Requirements: Must occur following a written request from a referring physician, nurse practitioner, or dental surgeon associated with an insured hospital procedure.
  • Frequency Limits: Maximum of one service per two consecutive 12-month periods for the same patient and diagnosis. If unrelated diagnoses are treated, one service is allowed every 12 months.
  • Virtual Service: Eligible for virtual billing as C865A via video only; telephone services are not covered under this code for virtual care.

4What Your Clinical Note Must Show

1Documentation Requirements for C865

Ensure all consultations are clearly documented, with specific details of the referral and assessment provided.

  • Referral source and details, including written request documentation.
  • Patient assessment focused on specific renal issues like electrolytes or fluid balance.
  • Consultation summary and clinical opinion rendered to the referring team.

5Weak vs. Strong Note Examples

The strong note succeeds by providing comprehensive documentation of the referral, diagnostic focus, and clinical recommendations, meeting the requirements for a limited consultation. The weak note lacks specificity and detail.

Weak Note

Patient referred for fluid balance issue. Opinion given.

Strong Note

Patient referred by Dr. Smith for fluid imbalance management. Assessment focused on acute hyponatremia due to SIADH. Reviewed lab results and offered management recommendations.

  • Documented referral source.
  • Specific patient condition addressed.
  • Detail on the assessment and management recommendations.

6Common Reasons This Code Is Missed

1
Referral Not Documented
Failing to document a written referral can result in billing denials.
2
Inadequate Assessment Detail
Omissions in clinical findings or recommendations may lead to downgraded reimbursement.
3
Frequency Limit Exceeded
Unawareness of the consultation's frequency limitations can cause eligibility issues.
Document C865 correctly — every time
Empathia's templates automatically structure your notes to capture every required element for audit-proof billing.

8Frequently Asked Questions

What is the fee for the C865 Limited Consultation?
The fee for the C865 Limited Consultation is CAD 116.75, as listed in the OHIP fee schedule.
How often can I bill for C865 under the same diagnosis?
C865 can be billed once per two consecutive 12-month periods for the same patient and diagnosis.
What qualifies as a limited consultation in nephrology?
A limited consultation in nephrology involves specific evaluations, such as addressing electrolyte disturbances, without a comprehensive renal assessment.
Why would a nephrologist use C865 instead of A160?
C865 is used for concise issues requiring less comprehensive assessment, like single electrolyte problems, whereas A160 is for comprehensive evaluations.
Can a limited consultation be billed for managing fluid-balance issues?
Yes, managing fluid-balance issues is a typical scenario where C865 may be billed in nephrology in-patient consultations.
Is a telephone consultation eligible for C865 billing?
No, telephone consultations do not qualify under the C865 code for limited consultations; only video calls are permitted.
Can a non-emergency ER referral lead to a C865 billing?
Yes, if the referral is for specific nephrology issues in a hospital setting, a non-emergency ER referral can lead to a C865 billing.
What happens if I bill C865 without a written referral?
Without a written referral, the service does not meet consultation requirements, and payment may be downgraded to a lesser fee.
Disclaimer: This article is intended as a general educational resource for physicians and billing staff. It does not constitute billing advice or a definitive interpretation of the OHIP Schedule of Benefits. Always verify current billing codes, eligibility criteria, and documentation requirements directly against the official Schedule of Benefits or consult with a qualified medical billing specialist.
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